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| Historia do baralho curiosidades em ingles |
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| Playing Cards around the World
Latin America
The introduction and development of playing cards
in Latin America are directly connected to the
Spanish and Portuguese settlements in the
continent.
In 1576, it was established that card
manufacturing would be under the Spanish Royal
Family control in Mexico; in 1811 Royal control
was relinquished.
Portugal regularly exported playing cards to
Brazil – bearing a typical dragon on the Aces.
But it was only after the 20th century that
playing cards production in Latin America
developed its own identity and features.
The British Isles
Playing cards were largely influenced by the
French design in Britain; the suits were given
English names (hearts, spades, diamonds and
clubs); the terms spades (espadas) and clubs
(bastos) suggest Spanish influence.
Bridge (created in 1670) and Whist are the most
commonly played games in Great Britain. The
British deck has 52 cards, divided into 4 suits,
i.e., each suit has 13 cards. In the early 20th
century, an additional card was added to the
deck – the Joker – as an extra card for some
types of games.
France
In France, the first evidence-based references to
playing cards date back to 1381. They were
introduced by the Spaniards and Italians; both
Tarot cards and playing cards became very
widespread in the country. The French deck, quite
similar to the English deck, is made up of 52
cards, divided into four suits named according to
the British deck, i.e.: carreux (diamonds),
coeurs (hearts), piques (spades), and trèfles
(clubs), with 13 cards of which 9 were numbered
and the remaining 4 bore figures (Ace, King,
Queen and Knave).
Important or legendary characters, such as
Lancelot, Charles the Great, were usually honored
in early illustrated French cards.
After 1780 a deck with a new design (Portrait of
Paris) was adopted all over the country as a
standard design for card makers. The deck was
printed on embossed paper provided by the French
government. Like the Venice and Milan’s Tarok,
the Marseille Tarot deck has also 78 cards and
the same symbols and pictures, but their wording
was translated into French.
Germany
The oldest evidence on playing cards in Germany
dates from 1377. There were some remarkable 15th
century painters who designed large-sized cards
on which hunting-related symbols were portrayed
and animal pictures were used to distinguish each
one of its four suits.
The German deck has 10 numbered cards and 3
illustrated cards for each suit. Such pictures
were: Untermann (Knave); Obermann (Knight) and
König (King).
The Netherlands
Playing cards were widely known in Flanders by
the end of the 14th century. In the 19th century
a solid production of playing cards began to take
place in the city of Turnhout, Belgium, where
nowadays is the center of such industry.
In Holland, the cards made during the late 17th
century reflected a critical point of view on the
political and religious events taking place in
Great Britain. The next series of playing cards
produced in Amsterdam portrayed war scenes and
fortresses.
Portugal
The first Portuguese deck suits followed the
style of Spanish suits, using the same symbols:
hearts, spades, diamonds and clubs, but bearing a
peculiar feature: a dragon on all four Aces.
The Real Fábrica de Cartas de Jogar was founded
in 1769 and this consolidated the monopoly for
the production of playing cards for Portugal and
its colonies. In 1820 the Real Fábrica de Cartas
de Jogar changed its name to Gráfica Nacional and
extended its production to French and English-
type pictures. Eventually, in 1832 it was enacted
a law to abolish the State monopoly for playing
cards production.
Italy
The most ancient written record on playing cards
in Italy dates back to 1379 and has been
preserved in Viterbo. The standard Italian deck
displays the same suits as the Spanish deck:
denari (diamonds), coppe (hearts), spade (spades)
and bastoni (clubs). Each suit has ten cards
numbered from one to ten, plus the Knave and King
(who is always portrayed in a sitting position).
The Tarot is one of Italy’s major contributions
to playing cards. The Tarot deck is comprised of
78 cards, with ten numbered cards and four
illustrated cards in each suit, plus 22 arcanas
(atuttis), some decks have up to 41 arcanas. The
mystical symbols on the Tarot cards derive from
both Egyptian and Greek cultures in association
with Pythagorean numerology.
The first Tarot decks to be known are the Tarot
of Milan and the Tarot of Venice, which was
further adapted to be export to France, from
which the Marseille Tarot derives.
Other European Countries
Except for Portugal, with early playing cards
following the Spanish pattern, the remaining
European countries usually adopted the same
symbols and pictures as the French, English and
German playing cards decks. These “templates”
resulted in a number of specific features
according to each country and individual card
maker.
Eastern Countries
Except for countries such as China, Japan, India
and Iran (former Persia) where cards are one of
the most ancient traditions, and extraordinarily
rich in terms of style and design, playing cards
reached others places of the world mainly due to
the expansion of European colonies.
They were introduced in the new colonies by
Spanish, French, English and Portuguese sailors
and settlers, and were soon adopted in such
places, where production became effective only
after the 20th century.
The only Arabian card deck known dates from the
15th century and is kept in Istanbul. It has the
Italian suits (diamonds, hearts, spades and
clubs), but no illustrations.
Chinese playing cards were of a longer shape and
originally made from bones or ivory. In India,
older cards are round and painted and varnished
on carton. Many decks were considered real works
of art, like the traditional Persian and Japanese
decks.
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.MOCHILA COPAG |
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Carta: 40.0x30.0mm. |
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N° de Cartas: Dois compartimentos |
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Cartão: Não acompanha baralho |
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De: R$39,90
por R$35,90 |
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